Union officials have made little secret of their desire to use member benefit plans as leverage to achieve a higher social good. Such a goal, however, may conflict with another, overriding goal inscribed in federal law: prudent and sound asset management. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA, requires fiduciaries of most private-sector benefit plans to base investment decisions solely on the welfare of their participants and beneficiaries. Advancement of broader social objectives, however desirable they might be, is not a criterion. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, in recent years a target of union shareholder activists, recently wrote a letter to the U.S. Department of Labor asking for a clarification of the permissibility of a planned AFL-CIO shareholder campaign. In its response, dated June 27, 2008, the DOL wrote back that it was not. Employers thus won – that is, until the next round.